What is DC and AC Charging? Types of Electric Vehicle Charging

There are two main types of charging for electric vehicles: DC (Direct Current) and AC (Alternating Current). In this article, we will examine both types in detail.

AC Charging (Alternating Current)

AC charging is the basic charging method used at home and in most public charging stations.

How Does AC Charging Work?

1. Grid electricity comes in AC form
2. The vehicle's onboard charger (OBC) converts AC to DC
3. The battery is charged with DC current

AC Charging Levels

DC Charging (Direct Current)

DC charging is used in fast charging stations and provides DC current directly to the battery.

How Does DC Charging Work?

1. The charging station converts AC to DC
2. DC current goes directly to the battery
3. The vehicle's BMS (Battery Management System) controls the charging process

DC Charging Levels

AC vs DC Charging: Comparison

Advantages of AC Charging

• More economical infrastructure
• Possible to install at home
• Better for battery health
• Widespread use

Advantages of DC Charging

• Much faster charging
• Ideal for long journeys
• High power output
• No need for a converter in the vehicle

When to Use Which Charging Type?

Ideal Situations for AC Charging

• Home charging overnight
• Long-term parking at work
• Shopping malls
• Daily routine use

Ideal Situations for DC Charging

• On long trip breaks
• In urgent charging needs
• For commercial vehicle fleets
• Short-term parking situations

Recommendations

1. Prefer AC charging for daily use
2. Use DC charging only when necessary
3. Charge in the 20-80% range for battery health
4. Learn your vehicle's maximum AC and DC charging power
5. Plan your charging accordingly

Conclusion

Both charging types have their own advantages and use cases. For daily use, AC charging is preferable, while DC charging is ideal for long journeys. The right charging strategy will both extend battery life and optimize charging costs.